GRAMMAR

A. CONJUNCTION

>>Theory
A conjunction (conj / CNJ) is one kind of word that connects two items (words, sentences, phrases, or clauses) together. In Indonesian 'conjunction' is also known as conjunctions, coupling, or conjunction.

>>The forms of conjunctions / conjunctive

1 . Coordinating conjunctionCoordinating conjunctions , also be called ' coordinators ' , a conjunction that connects two or more words , clauses , or sentences , which has the syntactic form ( the rules in terms of making sentences ) are the same . Examples of coordinating conjunctions are: for , and , nor , but , or , yet , and so . To make it easier to memorize commonly abbreviated fanboys .

ARGUING

Theory
Is the disciplinary study of how conclusions can be reached through logical reasoning; that is, claims based, soundly or not, or premises.
Argumentation includes debate and negotiation which are concerned with reaching mutually acceptable conclusions. It also encompasses eristic dialog, the branch of social debate in which victory over an opponent is the primary goal. This art and science is often the means by which people protect their beliefs or self-interests in rational dialogue, in common parlance, and during the process of arguing.

KEY COMPONENTS OF ARGUING

• Understanding and identifying arguments, either explicit or implied, and the goals of the participants in the different types of dialogue.
• Identifying the premises from which conclusions are derived
• Establishing the "burden of proof" — determining who made the initial claim and is thus responsible for providing evidence why his/her position merits acceptance.
• For the one carrying the "burden of proof", the advocate, to marshal evidence for his/her position in order to convince or force the opponent's acceptance. The method by which this is accomplished is producing valid, sound, and cogent arguments, devoid of weaknesses, and not easily attacked.
• In a debate, fulfillment of the burden of proof creates a burden of rejoinder. One must try to identify faulty reasoning in the opponent's argument, to attack the reasons/premises of the argument, to provide counterexamples if possible, to identify any fallacies, and to show why a valid conclusion cannot be derived from the reasons provided for his/her argument.

Sourceby: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argumentation_theory

EXPRESSING AGREEMENT AND DIASAGREEMENT

In real life, you definitely often asks wheter one agrees or disagrees with what you
are doing or you select. Here are some sayings that can be used to express approval or disapproval:

A. AGREEMENT
- I agree (saya setuju)
- I am with you (saya sependapat dengan anda)
- I think so (saya kira begitu)
- That's what I was thinking (itulah yang saya pikirkan)

B. DISAGREEMENT
- I disagree (saya tidak setuju)
- I am not with you (saya tidak sependapat dengan anda)

Constructive disagreement
1. I can appreciate your point about..., but I would disagree because...
2. I am not so sure about that because...
3. I don't think that's the case because...

SourceBy:
http://education-co.blogspot.com/2012/11/expressing-agreementdisagreement.html
http://www.belajaringgris.net/expression-of-agreement-and-disagreement-3134.html

GIVING & RESPONDING TO COMPLIMENT

Everyone likes to hear compliment. Compliments make people feel good themselves, and we all need that at times. This is the expressions below that can be used when giving and responding to compliments.

Giving Compliments :
-That's very nice....(dress)
-Great job on the....(presentation)
Responses to compliments :
-How kind of you to say so
-Thankyou
-I'm glad you like it.

Courtesy by: (inilahblogsaya.wordpress.com/2011/04/09/materi-bargaining-and-giving-responding-complaiment/)

EXPRESSING CERTAINTY

Theory
To express the faith that something has been/ is being/ will happen, use the following phrases :
-I'm sure : Saya yakin
-I absolutely sure : Saya benar-benar yakin
-I'm certain : Saya yakin

Example
If you have question :
"Will Amir pass the exam?" = "Apakah Amir akan lulus ujian?"
Can respond with :
-"Yes, I'm sure he will" = "Ya, saya yakin dia akan lulus"


Courtesy By : http://spensaguti.wordpress.com/2013/09/12/expressing-certainty-and-uncertaintydoubt/

BARGAINING

Theory
1. A bargain is defined as something that you buy that costs less than it normally does.
A purchase made at a sale is an example of a bargain.
2. The definition of a bargain is an understanding between two people on the cost of goods or services.
If someone agrees to sell a product at 10 percent of as long as the other person orders at least 12, that is an example of a bargain.

Some Points to keep in mind
-Ask a trusted local
-See what locals pay

When bargaining, do so responsibly :
-Be honest
-Choose your battles
-Even in cultures where haggling is the norm, many items do have fixed price.

Example of conversation
X : Can I help you?
Y : Yes, thanks. I want to know how much that shirt is?
X : Which one, Sir?
Y : The blue one, please.
X : It is three hundred thousand rupiahs.
Y : It's too much. Can you let me have it for less?
X : I am sorry, Sir. But it's a good price.
Y : Okay then, I'll think about it.
X : That's alright, Sir.


Courtesy by:
http://www.yourdictionary.com/bargain
http://www.kerenha.biz/2012/03/conversation-cara-menawar-harga-barang.html
http://wikitravel.org/en/How_to_haggle

GIVING INVITATION

Theory
Giving Invitation is an expression that is disclosed when there is someone who wants to ask other persons to come to a place or when there is someone who ask others to do something for her/him.

Example
*Question
-Could you come to my party?
-I'd like you to.....
-Can you......?
-Would you like to.....?
-I'd like to invite you to.....

*Answer/ Respon
-That's very kind of you
-I'd love to go with you
-Thanks for your invitation. I'll happy to come/join/....
-I'd be happy to go

Example in dialogue
Nadira : Hi Nabila.
Nabila : Hi Nadira.
Nadira : Are you free tonight?
Nabila : Yes, I have nothing to do.
Nadira : I'd like to invite you to go to Ayu's house.
Nabila : Ok, I'd be happy to go.
Nadira : Ok. See you on 7 p.m.
Nabila : Ok see you.

Courtesy by :
http://english4knowledge.blogspot.com/2011/02/expression-giving-invitation.html
http://inilahblogsaya.wordpress.com/2011/04/09/materi-fact-and-figures-giving-invitation/